Immigration
9.4% of minors in the EU were non-nationals in 2024
In 2024, 7.5 million of people younger than 18 did not have the citizenship of their country of residence in the EU, amounting to 9.4% of all minors in the EU.
Among minors without the citizenship of their country of residence, 27.0% were under 5 years old, 29.8% were aged 5 to 9, 27.7% were 10 to 14, and 15.6% were aged 15 to 17.
The highest share of non-national minors was recorded in Luxembourg (45.7%), Austria (21.9%) and Malta (19.3%). In contrast, shares below 1% were recorded in Slovakia (0.4%), Poland (0.8%) and Romania (0.9%).
Source dataset: migr_pop2ctz
For more information
- Statistics Explained article on children in migration - demography and migration
- Thematic section on migration and asylum
- Thematic section on children in migration
- Thematic section on international migration and citizenship
- Migration and asylum in Europe – 2024 edition
- Demography in Europe – 2025 edition
- Migrant integration and inclusion dashboard
Methodological notes
- Data is provisional for France, provisional and estimated for Poland, and estimated for Romania.
- Poland, Slovakia, Sweden and Liechtenstein did not include refugees from Ukraine who benefit from temporary protection in their population and migration statistics.
- Non-national minors cover the following categories: EU citizens (excluding the reporting country), non-EU citizens, stateless and unknown.
- Where applicable, percentages might not total 100% due to rounding.
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