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Severe material and social deprivation in the EU: 6.8%

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In 2023, 6.8% of the EU population faced severe material and social deprivation. The share slightly increased compared with 2022 (6.7%). 

Among EU countries, the severe material and social deprivation rates varied widely. Romania recorded the highest rate at 19.8%, followed by Bulgaria (18.0%), Greece (13.5%), Hungary (10.4%) and Spain (9.0%). 

By contrast, Slovenia (2.0%), Cyprus (2.4%), Sweden, Luxembourg and Estonia (all at 2.5%) reported the lowest rates. 

Severe material and social deprivation rate, % of total population, 2023. Bar chart. See link to full dataset below.

Source dataset: ilc_mdsd11

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Methodological notes

  • Material and social deprivation refers to the inability to afford a set of specific goods, services or social activities that are considered by most people essential for an adequate quality of life. Persons unable to afford 7 or more of these are in severe material and social deprivation.
  • The severe material and social deprivation indicator (SMSD) is part of the at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate (AROPE).

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