Berlin expects the first COVID-19 vaccines to be available in early 2021 and has given the country’s 16 states a 10 November deadline to detail the addresses of 60 facilities that could serve as delivery centres for manufacturers.
Under the national vaccine strategy, approved by its cabinet last week, Germany has asked the states to identify central vaccination centres which will be supplemented by mobile teams who go into care homes.
The centralized approach underscores the potential logistical challenges facing governments, including limited supplies, multi-dose vials and complex storage requirements.
Some of the most advanced vaccines in human testing are so-called mRNA vaccines being developed by Moderna MRNA.O and BioNTech BNTX.O that need to be stored at temperatures as low as minus 80 degrees Celsius (-112 Fahrenheit).
“We are on the lookout for larger locations that are centrally located and spacious. This could well be the airport or trade fair,” a spokesman for Hamburg’s health ministry said, adding no final decision has been taken.
Bigger, more rural states like Baden-Wuerttemberg and Schleswig-Holstein plan to distribute shots from a centralised delivery site into districts and towns, spokespeople for the health authorities said.
Germany has asked the Robert Koch Institute’s vaccine committee to identify which vulnerable population groups should get the shots first, although front-line workers are expected to be a priority.
In a second phase, when more vaccines are widely available in single-dose vials, Germany hopes to administer shots for the broader population at doctors’ practices.
An electronic register will record who has been vaccinated, while an app is being developed to allow people to record potential side effects.
The scale of Germany’s planning contrasts with Italy where authorities intend to use existing infrastructure, including 50,000 general practitioners, 14,000 paediatricians and vaccination centres for local public health offices.
“With these channels we normally administer around 30 million vaccinations per year to both children and adults, so we believe that this is an adequate infrastructure for the future COVID vaccine as well,” a health ministry spokesman said.
France has also been mulling plans for nationwide storage and distribution of vaccines, but no firm details were yet available, a source close to the health ministry said.
