Unknown soldier of Waterloo brought to light by military veterans

In 2019, an international team of archaeologists supported by military veterans unearthed amputated limbs near the Mont Saint Jean Farmhouse, where the main field hospital for Wellington’s army would have been, at the famous battle of Waterloo. Over two years since the start of the pandemic the team returned to the excavation and made a dramatic discovery: an intact skeleton of a soldier, writes Catherine Feore.

Professor Tony Pollard, one of the project’s archaeological directors and director of the Centre for Battlefield Archaeology at Glasgow University, said: “What we've got here is a unique example of how a battlefield was cleared in the early 19th century and this sort of evidence is very, very rare. For instance, at Waterloo, given that 20,000 people probably died in the battle, only one single skeleton has been subjected to archaeological excavation - that was by my Belgian colleague when they were building the museum a few years ago.

“So when you put it into context, this is incredibly rare, but we’ve also got this mixture of humans, horses and ammunition boxes that provides a snapshot of the battle. It's astounding to me, as someone who has done 25 years of battlefield archaeology, that this has come to light.”

One of the partners in the dig is ‘Waterloo Uncovered’ a ground-breaking charity combining world-class archaeology with veteran care and recovery. Since 2015, the charity has been using archaeology as a tool to support veterans and serving military personnel in their recovery from the traumas of war and transition to civilian life.

A veteran told EU Reporter that when he joined the army it was to emulate what other people had done in the past, defending their country. He said that there was a still stigma attached to PTSD and that it was poorly understood by the public at large: “Many people suffer from PTSD for all sorts of reasons, some people think it shows itself in anger and violence, but in fact, it can affect people in many different ways.”

There is an in-depth online course that needs to be completed by veterans new to the discipline of archaeology, there are a number of levels and participants are selected from those who have successfully completed the course. Liam Telfer, from the Household Cavalry, is one of the veterans who has developed a passion for archaeology: “It’s very therapeutic and quite cathartic. You have to really focus on what you’re doing. It’s truly changed my life and I’m seriously thinking about a career in archaeology.”

Pollard says that the veterans really bring a difference: “A lot of these people have been in battle. They read the landscape, not as we do, but as military terrain. There’s an interaction between the past and the present. I say to my students, that archaeology is the closest we have to a time machine. But having veterans on the project is almost like having the keys to that time machine, it is just phenomenal.”

The battle of Waterloo put paid to Napoleon’s imperial ambitions and ushered in a period of relative peace through the ‘Concert of Europe’, nevertheless the excavations are a reminder of the cost of conflict. Kieran Oliver, a Coldstream Guard, spoke about the excitement of the discovery, but also saw it as a reminder of the anguish that comes with war. Like military service, the dig is a collaborative piece of work, Oliver said: “Service men and women support each other, which we’re used to doing.”

Ashley Gordon who served with the 1st Battalion The Rifles said that the experience was humbling: “You’re focused on the historical and the archaeological process, but then you realise that this was a person and you are able to give them their place in history.”

Rod Eldridge, who leads the well-being team said that the role of the team is to ensure that veterans and serving personnel have a good experience which enhances their health. Given their background, Eldridge says that the service men and women have particular respect given their understanding that they are dealing with a combatant that lost his life in battle.

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