The EU’s silent compromise: A critical examination of the GSP+ framework

The European Union's Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+) was established as a tool to promote sustainable development, human rights, and good governance in developing countries, writes EU Today. 

By offering tariff-free access to the EU market, it incentivises adherence to 27 international conventions covering areas such as human rights, labour rights, environmental protection, and good governance. 

However, recent developments have cast doubt on the effectiveness of this mechanism. 

Notably, Pakistan, a principal beneficiary since 2014, has faced increasing scrutiny over its compliance with GSP+ conditions. Despite documented violations, the EU has yet to take decisive action, raising concerns about the credibility and enforcement of its conditionality-based trade policy.

Documentary spotlight: "GSP+: EU’s silent compromise"

In September 2025, EU Today premiered the documentary GSP+: EU’s Silent Compromise at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE). The film delves into the EU's approach to trade and human rights, highlighting the tension between economic interests and the promotion of democratic values. 

It features interviews with policymakers, human rights advocates, and experts who discuss the challenges and implications of the GSP+ framework. The documentary serves as a critical examination of the EU's trade policies and their impact on global human rights standards.

Pakistan's compliance record: A cause for concern

A comprehensive legal analysis by EU Today's Research Desk, in collaboration with the European Facilitation Platform, has highlighted significant shortcomings in Pakistan's adherence to GSP+ requirements. 

The report outlines persistent issues such as the misuse of blasphemy laws, suppression of civil society, enforced disappearances, child and bonded labour, and environmental degradation. Despite these documented violations, the EU has continued to grant Pakistan preferential trade status, raising questions about the effectiveness of its monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.

Legal framework and enforcement gaps

Regulation (EU) No 978/2012 stipulates that GSP+ preferences can be suspended if a country is found to be in serious and systematic violation of the agreed conventions. However, the EU's response to Pakistan's non-compliance has been limited to periodic reviews and recommendations, without concrete actions such as initiating Article 15 proceedings for temporary withdrawal. This reluctance to enforce the conditionality principle undermines the credibility of the GSP+ framework and sends a concerning message about the EU's commitment to human rights and sustainable development.

The political Ddimension: Economic interests vs. human rights

The EU's hesitancy to take decisive action against Pakistan can be attributed to several factors, including economic considerations and geopolitical interests. Pakistan's strategic position in South Asia and its role in regional stability may influence the EU's approach, leading to a prioritisation of diplomatic relations over human rights concerns. This dynamic reflects a broader trend where economic and political interests sometimes overshadow the EU's stated values, challenging the integrity of its foreign policy.

Recommendations for strengthening the GSP+ framework

To restore the credibility of the GSP+ mechanism, several measures should be considered:

1. Enhanced monitoring and transparency: Implementing more rigorous monitoring processes and ensuring transparency in assessments can help identify compliance issues promptly.
2. Clear enforcement protocols: Establishing clear procedures for initiating suspension proceedings in cases of non-compliance would reinforce the conditionality principle.
3. Political will and consistency: Demonstrating a consistent commitment to human rights, even when economic or political interests are at stake, is crucial for maintaining the EU's credibility.
4. Engagement with civil society: Collaborating with local and international human rights organizations can provide valuable insights and support in monitoring compliance.

Conclusion
The EU's Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus was envisioned as a tool to promote human rights and sustainable development through trade incentives. However, the ongoing issues with Pakistan's compliance and the EU's lack of decisive action highlight significant flaws in the enforcement of this mechanism. 

The documentary GSP+: EU’s Silent Compromise serves as a timely reminder of the need for the EU to align its trade policies with its human rights commitments. Strengthening the GSP+ framework is essential not only for the credibility of the EU but also for the advancement of global human rights standards.

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